Automated Aerial Refueling (AAR) is a technology that enables unmanned aerial refueling of aircraft, allowing them to extend their flight duration and range without the need for human intervention. In the context of aviation and aerospace, AAR refers to the use of automated systems to perform mid-air refueling operations between a tanker aircraft and a receiver aircraft.

During an AAR operation, the tanker aircraft and the receiver aircraft are equipped with specialized systems that enable them to communicate and coordinate with each other. The receiver aircraft is equipped with a receiving probe or drogue, which is extended to connect with the tanker's refueling boom or hose. The tanker aircraft is equipped with a refueling system that includes a boom or hose, a fuel pump, and a control system.

The automated system uses a combination of sensors, software, and actuators to control the refueling process, including:

1. Relative navigation: The system uses GPS, radar, and other sensors to determine the relative position and velocity of the two aircraft.
2. Probe and drogue tracking: The system tracks the position and movement of the receiving probe or drogue and the tanker's refueling boom or hose.
3. Fuel flow control: The system controls the flow of fuel from the tanker to the receiver aircraft.
4. Disconnect detection: The system detects when the refueling operation is complete and the probe or drogue is disconnected from the tanker.

The benefits of Automated Aerial Refueling include:

1. Increased safety: AAR reduces the risk of accidents and injuries associated with mid-air refueling operations.
2. Improved efficiency: AAR enables faster and more efficient refueling operations, reducing the time and fuel required for refueling.
3. Enhanced operational flexibility: AAR allows aircraft to extend their flight duration and range, enabling them to perform longer and more complex missions.
4. Reduced crew workload: AAR automates the refueling process, reducing the workload of the tanker and receiver aircraft crews.

Automated Aerial Refueling is being developed and implemented by various military and commercial organizations, including the US Air Force, the US Navy, and aerospace companies such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin. The technology has the potential to revolutionize aerial refueling operations and enable new capabilities for military and commercial aircraft.